Pneumonia

Pneumonia

Pneumonia is a common and potentially serious respiratory infection that primarily affects the lungs. It can be caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and less commonly, parasites. Here are some key points about pneumonia:

Causes

Pneumonia can be caused by different microorganisms. The most common culprits include Streptococcus pneumoniae (bacterial pneumonia), influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (atypical pneumonia). In some cases, pneumonia can be caused by inhaling chemical irritants or aspirating (inhaling) foreign objects or substances into the lungs.

Symptoms:

The symptoms of pneumonia can vary in severity but often include fever, cough (which may produce mucus or phlegm), chest pain, difficulty breathing, and fatigue. Other symptoms may include chills, sweating, and confusion, particularly in older adults.

Diagnosis:

Doctors typically diagnose pneumonia through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging studies like chest X-rays or CT scans. In some cases, they may also collect a sample of sputum or blood for laboratory testing to identify the specific pathogen responsible for the infection.

Treatment:

The treatment for pneumonia depends on its underlying cause. Bacterial pneumonia is usually treated with antibiotics, while viral pneumonia may not respond to antibiotics and may require antiviral medications. Rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers may help alleviate symptoms. Severe cases of pneumonia may require hospitalization, oxygen therapy, and supportive care.